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What Is De-Anonymization?
De-anonymization is a technique used in data mining that attempts to re-identify encrypted or obscured information. De-anonymization, also referred to as data re-identification, cross-references anonymized information with other available data in order to identify a person, group, or transaction.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Understanding De-Anonymization
The technology-savvy era is rapidly disrupting the traditional way of doing things across various sectors of the economy. In recent years, the financial industry has seen a lot of digital products introduced to its sector by fintech companies. These innovative products have promoted financial inclusion whereby more consumers have access to financial products and services at a lower cost than traditional financial institutions allow. The rise in the implementation of technology has brought about an increase in the collection, storage, and use of data.
Technology tools like social media platforms, digital payment platforms, and smart phone technology have unveiled a ton of data used by various companies to enhance their interaction with consumers. This ton of data is called big data, and is a cause for concern among individuals and regulatory authorities calling for more laws that protect the identities and privacy of users.
How De-Anonymization Works
In the age of big data where sensitive information about a user’s online activities are shared instantaneously through cloud computing, data anonymization tools have been employed to protect users’ identities. Anonymization masks the personally identifiable information (PII) of users transacting in various fields like health services, social media platforms, e-commerce trades, etc. PII includes information like date of birth, Social Security Number (SSN), zip code, and IP address. The need to mask the digital trails left behind by online activities have led to the implementation of anonymization strategies like encryption, deletion, generalization, and perturbation. Although data scientists use these strategies to sever sensitive information from the shared data, they still preserve the original information, thereby opening doors for the possibility of re-identification.
Personally identifiable information gotten illegally from de-anonymization techniques can be sold in underground marketplaces, which are also a form of anonymization platforms. Information that falls into the wrong hands can be used for coercion, extortion, and intimidation leading to privacy concerns and enormous costs for businesses who fall victims.
De-anonymization can also be used legally. For example, the Silk Road website, an underground marketplace for illegal drugs, was hosted by an anonymized network called Tor, which uses an onion strategy to obfuscate the IP addresses of its users. The Tor network also hosts a couple of other illegal markets trading in guns, stolen credit cards, and sensitive corporate information. With the use of complex de-anonymization tools, the FBI successfully cracked and shut down Silk Road and sites engaging in child pornography.
Success on re-identification processes have proved that anonymity is not guaranteed. Even if groundbreaking anonymization tools were implemented today to mask data, the data could be re-identified in a couple of years as new technology and new data sets become available.
De-anonymization is a technique used in data mining that attempts to re-identify encrypted or obscured information. De-anonymization, also referred to as data re-identification, cross-references anonymized information with other available data in order to identify a person, group, or transaction.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- De-anonymization is the practice of re-constituting the private information stored in encrypted or otherwise obscured data.
- Anonymized data is used ubiquitously in online and financial transactions, as well as on social media and other forms of electronic messaging and communication.
- Re-identifying anonymized data can compromise personal identity and financial security for illegal purposes, as well as undermine consumer trust.
Understanding De-Anonymization
The technology-savvy era is rapidly disrupting the traditional way of doing things across various sectors of the economy. In recent years, the financial industry has seen a lot of digital products introduced to its sector by fintech companies. These innovative products have promoted financial inclusion whereby more consumers have access to financial products and services at a lower cost than traditional financial institutions allow. The rise in the implementation of technology has brought about an increase in the collection, storage, and use of data.
Technology tools like social media platforms, digital payment platforms, and smart phone technology have unveiled a ton of data used by various companies to enhance their interaction with consumers. This ton of data is called big data, and is a cause for concern among individuals and regulatory authorities calling for more laws that protect the identities and privacy of users.
How De-Anonymization Works
In the age of big data where sensitive information about a user’s online activities are shared instantaneously through cloud computing, data anonymization tools have been employed to protect users’ identities. Anonymization masks the personally identifiable information (PII) of users transacting in various fields like health services, social media platforms, e-commerce trades, etc. PII includes information like date of birth, Social Security Number (SSN), zip code, and IP address. The need to mask the digital trails left behind by online activities have led to the implementation of anonymization strategies like encryption, deletion, generalization, and perturbation. Although data scientists use these strategies to sever sensitive information from the shared data, they still preserve the original information, thereby opening doors for the possibility of re-identification.
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Personally identifiable information gotten illegally from de-anonymization techniques can be sold in underground marketplaces, which are also a form of anonymization platforms. Information that falls into the wrong hands can be used for coercion, extortion, and intimidation leading to privacy concerns and enormous costs for businesses who fall victims.
De-anonymization can also be used legally. For example, the Silk Road website, an underground marketplace for illegal drugs, was hosted by an anonymized network called Tor, which uses an onion strategy to obfuscate the IP addresses of its users. The Tor network also hosts a couple of other illegal markets trading in guns, stolen credit cards, and sensitive corporate information. With the use of complex de-anonymization tools, the FBI successfully cracked and shut down Silk Road and sites engaging in child pornography.
Success on re-identification processes have proved that anonymity is not guaranteed. Even if groundbreaking anonymization tools were implemented today to mask data, the data could be re-identified in a couple of years as new technology and new data sets become available.